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高三英语专题教案

高三英语复习教案:Making the news。

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1 occupation【课文原句】

occupation工作/ 职业

他的职业是什么?What is his occupation?

辨析:occupation, job, work和profession 这四个名词都有“工作”之意。

occupation较为正式,经常用在填写表格上。

job是可数名词,可指一个单独任务,也可指工作职位。

work是不可数名词,泛指一切工作。

profession一般指需要专门技能,尤指需要较高教育水平的某一行业、职业,如医生或律师。areer指经过专门训练,终身愿意从事的职业。

选词填空 occupation, job, profession, work

a. please state your name, age and_________ below.

b. I have a few _____ to do in the house this morning.

c. Looking after children all day is hard____.

d. His ability carried him to the top of his ____

2.cover使服从,顺从

常见搭配:submit sth (to sb).(向某人)提交某物 submit(oneself)to 听任

①请提交你的申请表。please submit your application form.

②我不肯听任他的控制。I refuse to submit(myself) to his control.

3.assist 聚集 常见搭配:

concentrate on (doing) sth 专注于(做)某事

concentrate the /one’s mind 集中注意力; 聚精会神

concentrate one’s effort/attention on sth 集中力量/注意力于某事

concentration n. 专心;聚集

完成句子

a.Stop talking and ________________________.(专心工作 )

b. Nothing ____________________ ( 集中注意力 ) better than the knowledge that you could die tomorrow.

c. I decided to ________________________ ( 全力以赴 ) finding somewhere to live.

4.acquire课文原句】

acquire vt. 获得,取得

1)他是如何获得他的财富的。How did he acquire his wealth?

2)我们逐步获得了做这项工作的经验。Gradually we acquired experience of how to do the work.

辨析:acquire, obtain, gain, get, win, earn, secure这些动词均含“获得、取得、得到”之意。

acquire: 强调通过不断的、持续的努力而获得某物,也指日积月累地渐渐地获得。书面语用词。

obtain: 较正式用词,着重通过巨大努力、要求而得到所需或盼望已久的东西。

gain: 侧重指经过努力或有意识行动而取得某种成就或获得某种利益或好处。

get: 普通用词,使用广泛,可指以任何方式得到某物,也不一定要经过努力。

win: 主要指通过努力、斗争、比赛等而获得胜利。

earn: 侧重指依靠自己的劳动或因付出价与有功而获得。

5.have a good nose for sth课文原句】

have a good nose for sth = have an eye for …/ have an ear for .. 有眼光/ 对..感兴趣;对…很敏感;很善于发现

1)她对音乐感兴趣。She has an ear for music .

2) 他是个善于收集丑闻的记者。He is a reporter who has a nose for scandals.6.assess【课文原句】

assess vt 评价,评定;估算 常见搭配:assess sb./sth(as sth) 评定某人或某物(为… )assess+wh-从句 评定…… assess sth (at sth)将某物估价(为……)

1) 他这么懒很难评估他的能力。He’s so lazy that it’s difficult to assess his ability.

2) 一栋建筑物是否值得保存有这个委员会来评定。The committee assesses whether the building is worth preserving.

3) 他们将这所房子估价为25万美元。They assessed the value of the house at ,000.

知识assessment n. 看法,评定assessor n评判员

7.inform 【课文原句】

inform vt.通知;告知 常见搭配:inform sb. of /about sth通知某人某事

inform sb. +从句…告知某人……keep sb. informed 随时告知某人

1) 他向警察报告了那起抢劫案。He informed the police of /about the robbery.

2) 我通知他必须12点出发。I informed him that he must start at 12o’clock.

3) 有事随时通知我。Keep me informed of what happens.

8.depend on【课文原句】

depend on 依赖,依靠,取决于,随 ... 而定

常见搭配:depend on/ upon sth/wh-从句 依靠/取决于某事/…depend on/upon sb./sth. doing。。。 相信/指望…做某事

1)一切生物都依赖太阳生长。All living things depend on the sun for their growth.

2) 你不要指望他准时来。You can’t depend on his/him coming on time.

3)我们的成功取决于我们是否努力工作。Our success depends on whether we work hard or not.

知识dependence n.依靠,依赖 dependent adj.依靠的,依赖的

That depends./ It (all )depends 视情况而定。

9.case $ accuse…of 【课文原句】

1) case n.情况;病例;案例;容器;箱子

① 他总是这样。That is often the case with him.

② 这位病人是流感的病例。The patient is a case of flu.

③ 博物馆中的展品常摆放在玻璃橱里。Exhibits in museums are often displayed in glass cases.

常见搭配:in case 即使;免得;以防万一(引导的状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来或用should+do) in case of… 即使……;万一…… in no case 决不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装) in this/that case即使这样/那样 in any case无论如何

①带上伞以防下雨。Take the umbrella with you in case it rains/should rain.

②我决不会背叛我的祖国。In no case will I turn against my motherland.

③听说星期天得加班,那样的话我们就没法去看电影了。It is said that we’ll have to do extra work on Sunday. In that case, we can’t go to a movie.

2)accuse sb. of (doing )sth.因……而指责/控告某人

①警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。The police accused him of murder.

②她控告他偷了她的表。She accused him of stealing her watch.

知识

charge sb. with (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪

blame sb. for (doing) sth /blame sth on sb.因……而责怪某人

10.so as to【课文原句】

so as to 为的是,以便

1)为了赶上最后一趟车,他跑得很快。He ran quickly so as to catch the last bus.

2)他练习讲英语是为了提高口语。He practised speaking English so as to improve spoken English.

in order to +动词原形、so as to +动词原形和to+动词原形都可以引导目的状语。有时为了表示强调,也可以将in order to do、 to do 等放在句首,而so as to do 一般不放在句首,也比较口语化。表达否定的目的时,可以用in order not to do和so as not to do 这两种结构。

为了赶上火车,我早上五点起床。

① In order to /To catch the train, I got up at five a.m.

② I got up at five in order to / so as to /to catch the train.

③ I got up at five in order that I could catch the train.

11. guilty【课文原句】

guilty adj有罪的,犯罪的;内疚的

常见搭配:be guilty of 有……罪 be guilty 对……内疚

1) 这个美国男子被证实犯了谋杀罪。The American man was proved guilty of murder.

2) 他因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。He felt guilty about not visiting his parents more often.

12. demand 【课文原句】

demand 1)vt (强烈)要求;需要 常见结构:demand sth. 需要……;要求 ……

demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand that…(从句谓语要用should +do)需要/要求…….

① 这种工作需要极大的耐心。The work demands great patience.

② 我坚决要求见经理。I demand to see the manager.

③ 反对派要求把所有事实公之于世。The opposition have demanded that all the facts should be made public.

2)n. 要求;需求,需要;所需之物 常见结构:in demand 需求大 on demand 一经需求 make demands on对……提出需求

他们拒绝了工会的需求。They rejected the demands of the union.

1. 一位专业摄影师___________________2. 随身携带_____________________

3. 渴望做…… _______________________4. 集中精力于___________________

5. 专修一门课程______________________6. 以后______________________

7. 获得你需要的所有信息__________________________

8. 有对新闻非常敏感的 “嗅觉”_________________________9. 依赖 _________

10. 职业诀窍_________________________11. 有证据支持我们的故事_________

12. 说出全部真相_____________________

13. 查明故事被遗漏的部分___________________

14. 完全搞错了_____________

15. 指控某人做某事__________________________16. 事情是这样的。_________

17. 为了___________________18. 理应做过某事__________________________

19. 安排采访_______________________________________

20. 盼望做某事_______________________________

21. 当记者的首次任务______________________________

22. 故意地_____________________________________

23. 为某人辩护_____________________

24. 润色语言风格 ______________________________

25. 被印制成胶片____________________________________

26. 在……前头_______________________________

27. 最后_______________________________

28. 与某人约会______________________________________

29. 对……做调查____________________________

30. 从事_______________________

31. 把……传递给……_________________________

32. 着手做某事_________________________________________

1. a professional photographer 2. bring with 3. be eager to do 4. concentrate on

5. take a course 6. later on 7.acquire all the information you need to know

8. have a nose for a story 9. depend on 10. a trick of the trade

11. have the evidence to support our story 12. tell the whole truth

13. find out the missing part of the story 14. get the wrong end of the stick

15. accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 16. This is how the story goes. 17. so as to

18. be supposed to have done 19. arrange an interview 20. look forward to (doing) sth.

21. the first assignment as a reporter 22. on purpose 23. defend…against…

24. polish the style 25. be processed into film negatives 26. ahead of 27. last of all

28. make an appointment with sb. 29. do some research on 30. work on 31. pass… on to… 32. set (out)to do/ set about doing

fwr816.cOM展读推荐

高二英语说课稿:Making the news


The first period Warming up --- to find out news and tell people about it in newspaper or on TV∕radio.editor---to make sure the writing is clear, concise and accurate; check facts.photographer---to take photographs of important people or events.designer---to lay out the article and photographs.最后叫学生通过图片的提示说出制造新闻的过程。此部分的目前是为了让学生了解报社的各个工作类别以及他们的责任,并能够掌握相关的词汇,然后通过看图片填空的方式让学生掌握制作新闻的基本程序。3.pre-reading(读前)此部分我采取讨论的方式,通过让学生回答一个优秀的记者应该具有那些优秀的品质,由于学生英语基础比较差,我提示他们可以用一些形容词来描绘这些优秀的品质,例如:hard-working, friendly, patient, imaginative, professional, truethful, thorough。然后我就把书本上的问卷展示在幻灯片上,在学生做好问卷之后,我设置了下列问题叫学生开展拓展性讨论:1)What level of education should a good news reporterhave?2) Does work experience play an important role in making the news?3) What do you think are good communication skills?4) Enthusiasm for the job is the key to success, do you agree? Why or why not?通过pre-reading,我要求学生掌握一个优秀的记者的应该具备那些优秀的品质,并且能够说出这些品质为什么这么重要,让他们懂得做好每一项工作都是不容易的,并能够掌握关于这些品质的相关词汇。4.Group work(分组活动) 在这部分我叫两个学生为一组,一个学生扮演采访者,另一个扮演被采访者,进行关于选择未来职业的采访。考虑到学生的英语水平,我给他们展示了一个模版:Interviewpatient, imaginative, well-organized, polite, curious, technically good, concise thorough, creative, careful, gifted, professional.Interviewer: Which occupation will you choose in future?Interviewee: I want to be a teacherInterviewer: Why?Interviewee: A teacher needs to be patient.I think I would become a good teacher.Because I am very patient.此部分的设计是为了提高学生的口语而设计的,内容简单,绝大多数学生都能够参与其中,在锻炼口语的同时,又使他们熟悉了pre-reading部分提过的描述优秀品质的相关单词,并且学习了本课时一个重要的句型“Which occupation will you choose in future?”5.Homework(家庭作业)Everyone has unforgettable moments in his / her life. Think about your first day at school, being far away from home, your first day abroad...... Discuss after class what the first day would be like, and how you would feel if you were to work for China Daily.此部分的目的是通过“一个假设”为下一节课的阅读部分做好铺垫。

高三英语复习教案:Advertising教案


重点短语

1. be aware of 知道,明白,意识到 2. play tricks on 欺骗,捉弄

3. believe in 信任,相信 4. be bored with 对……感到厌倦

5. appeal to迎合,对……有吸引力 6. trick sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事

7. be satisfied with 对……感到满意 8. be used to对……习以为常,习惯于

9. fall for 上……的当,受……骗 10. deal with 处理,对付

11. commit suicide/a crime 自杀 /犯罪 12. be intended for 为……而打算

13. be concerned with 对……关心 14. get sth across 传达

15. be particular about 对……挑剔 16. soft drink 软饮料

17. come up with 提出,拿出 18. according to 根据

19. agree with sb. on sth.同意某人的意见 20.hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸

21. in public 在公共场所 22. at one’s service 听候某人吩咐,为某人服务

23. cure sb. of a disease 治愈某人的病 24. be proud of 以……感到自豪

25. even if 即使 26. at a low price 以低价格

27. be popular with 受某人欢迎 28. senior high 高中

29. be of good / high quality 高质量 30.be on sale 在销售中

31. make an announcement 宣布 32. keep away from 远离

33. No comments 不加评论,无可奉告 34. bad breath 口臭

35. be similar to 和……相似 36. up to (数量,程度等)达到

37. in particular 尤其,特别 38. introduce ……to …… 向……作介绍

39. recommend sth. to sb. 向某人介绍某物 40. protect … from … 保护…免于……

41. stand for 代表,表示 42. be responsible for 对……负责

43. in one’s opinion 依某人看 44. warn sb. against

45. attract/catch/draw one’s attention吸引..注意力

46. take turns to do sth. 依次做某事,轮流做某事

47. persuade sb into doing / to do sth 说服某人做某事

48. have/keep/hold sth. in mind 把……记住

重点句型

1. We are so used to them that we do not even realize how many we see and hear in a day.

2. A commercial advertisement is one which someone has paid for to promote a product or service.

3. pSAs are often placed for free, and are intended to educate people about health, safety, or any other issue which affects public welfare.

4. China has strong laws to protect people from advertisements that lie or try to make people believe untrue claims about products or services.

5. However, we still must be aware of the methods used in advertisements to try and sell us things.

6. Even if an ad does not lie, it does not mean it tells you the complete truth.

7. All of these ads are meant to be helpful, and you can often learn a lot by following the advice they give.

8. The boss can then choose the right product to produce , the one which is expected to be most popular with consumers.

9. Also important are the sales targets.

10. If they want to become the market leader, the company must ensure that their product is of high quality.

11. That is why we are considering repackaging our chocolate bar as well.

12. Not all ads play tricks on us though.

13. These ads deal with large social issues.

14. In my opinion, this may have harmful effects.

15. What they don’t mention is how bad these things can be for our teeth.

16. Have you ever regretted not having snapped those unforgettable moments?

17. Unlike a single advertisement, an ad campaign is an organized programme of advertisements using various kinds of ads to reach a particular audience.

18. When you start a successful ad campaign, you must have a clear goal and target audience in mind.

19. In order to determine your audience, you will need to do a little research.

20. It is important to always try to appeal to the way the audience will react.

21. What parts of this issue would they care about or be concerned with?

22. The way you choose to advertise should depend mainly on your target audience and which kinds of ads reach that particular group best.

重点语法: 直接引语和间接引语

4模块Unit 2 Sporting events

重点短语

1. share with 与…分享 2. every four years每四年,每隔三年

3. take part in参加 4. in honour of纪念,向……表示敬意

5. side by side一起,共同,肩并肩 6. come to public attention引起公众关注

7. at the opening ceremony在开幕式上 8. know of了解

9. be recognized as被认为是 10. play a role/part in在…起作用

11. break a record打破纪录 12. make contributions to作贡献

13. set an example to树立榜样 14. look forward to

15. come up with想出(计划、回答) 16.plenty of许多,大量

17.tourist attractions旅游景点,旅游胜地 18. pay attention to注意

19.be similar to 与……相似 20.play leading roles in起主导作用

21. meet one’s requirements满足需求 22. daily routine日常工作,日常安排

23. make way for给…让路 24. hope for希望,期待

25.maintain a balance保持平衡 26.be involved in涉及

27.add to增加 28. keep…under control使…处于控制之下

重点句型

1. I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games.

2. Today, athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what languages they speak.

3. His dream was that the Olympic Games would make it possible for countries and people to live peacefully side by side.

4. I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.

5. Today, players from China, South Korea and Germany among others play leading roles in the international table tennis competition.

6. Join me in wishing the Olympic movement a successful future to match its beautiful glorious past.

7. I hope this information will be of use to you.

8. I advise that you watch less TV at night.

9. My advice to you is that you should drink more water.

10. If I were you, I would certainly go to the football match instead of doing work at home.

11. Will Thursday morning do? I happen to be in town then.

12. What/How about the high jump then?

13. In order for a new sport to be added , a current sport must be dropped.

14. Supporters of wushu would like to see it entered as a branch in the Martial Arts category.

15. The IOC is looking at revising the number and type of sports involved in the Olympics in the future, so wushu fans may finally get what they are hoping for.

重点语法: 情态动词

4模块Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world

重点短语

1. be set in以…为背景 2. pass on 传递

3. be connected to 与……相连接 4. give out 发出(气味、热等);用完,耗光;筋疲力尽

5. put forward 提出(观点、议案等) 6. last but not least 最后但同

样重要的

7. be accused of 被控告犯有……罪 8. set up建立,竖立

9. a tourist destination 旅游目的地 10. leave sb with…给….留下

11. make a profit赚取利润 12. go on a virtual trip to 虚拟旅行

13. belong to属于 14. be responsible for对….负责

17. move round四处移动 18. be worth doing/n.

19. add to 增加 20. deliver into 送进

21. have an area /population of面积或人口是…. 22. play a role in 在……中角色

23. in one’s opinion在..看来 24. sign one’s name for 给……签名

25. send sb. on a trip to 送某人旅行 26. in reality 实际上

27. bring history alive 历史再现 28. leave sb. with 给某人留下….

29. take the risk of… 冒……危险 30. invest in 投资于

31. make a profit / money 获取利润/赚 32. end in failure 以失败告终

33. win the admiration of 赢得……的敬 34. draw a conclusion得出结论

35. (be) on display展览 36. the latest wave of new technology

37. tell…..from….把…和…区分 38. concentrate on 专注于

39. go bankrupt 破产 40. voice one’s opinions 表达某人的看法

41. at one time/at a time/at any time 42. have letters missing 使得字母丢失

43. fall off从…上掉下来;脱落 44. come across遇到,遭遇,偶遇

45. tell of讲述 46.keep/get in touch with和…保持(取得)联系

47. take sb. on the journey to 带某人一起去旅行 48. be trapped in 被困在……

49. at a speed of以……..的速度 50. with the help of ..由于..的帮助

重点句型

1. What would you like to see happen in the future.

2. Not only is every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma felt by viewer, but also the cold, the tiredness, the food, the smells, the sights and the sounds of the mountain can all be experience.

3. Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced.

4. RealCine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film.

5. The movements of the headset indicate the direction in which the view wants to go.

6. In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world and make them work harder to make their dreams come true.

7.The teenager was made to think that he had scored the winning goal.

8. An argument has been put forward that some viewers will be disappointed by Realcine.

9. Firefighters could be trained using Realcine without the risk of sending them into a burining building.

10. It has been suggested that travel sickness should/can be reduced by using virtual reality.

11. This could be of great benefit to people and will be researched further.

12. Also, we need to buy new keyboards and mousse because many of the keyboards have letters missing….

13. If the pC (No.7) I was using had had a good keyboard, I would not have made so many mistakes.

14. He left university in order to concentrate on the writing.

15. The teacher wont mind you using the computer.

16. The Time Traveller journeys through millions of years, seeing even more alien creatures than before.

17. He finally stops thirty million years into the future and experiences a future time where the sun no longer shine brightly.

18. Scared and cold, the Time Traveller starts back towards the present.

19. Instead of waiting to be rescued, the three young people teach themselves astrophysics.

20. With the help of force from a black hole, the are able to guide the lost spaceship safely back to the Earth./pp

高三英语复习教案:Sporting events教案


一、根据首字母完成句子
1. About 100 persons will c__________ for this position in the government office.
2. Do you think a candle can l__________ the small room up for reading?
3. Every one present was asked to s_______ their own views over this matter.
4. It is common p_________ to shake hands with others here.
5. The UN calls on people all over the world to keep the b__________ of nature.
6. The pill will e_____________ you a good sleep.
7. Tom, shall they come in together or s_______________?
8. Scientists have made great c________________ to the development of society.
9. He was born a good a____________; he plays on the national team now.
10. We should m_____________ friendly relations with neighboring countries.
二、根据课文内容和首字母填空
Mr Johnson gave a speech about the history and (1) s_____________of the Olympic Games. Athletes at the (2) a____________ games could only be men, but today, men and women from around the world can (3) c___________. The modern games were (4) d___________ to make it possible for countries and people to live (5) p__________ together. He stated that Olympians had brought joy to people across the world with their (6) a___________ to push the (7) l_________ of human achievement. Besides Jordan, he also (8) m__________ Deng Yaping, who won many gold (9) m___________ as an Olympian before retiring. He wished the Olympics a successful future to match its (10) g_________ past.

高三英语语法复习教案:代词


一、人称代词是表示\"我\"、\"你\"、\"他\"、\"她\"、\"它\"、\"我们\"、\"你们\"、\"他们\"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:

数 单数 复数

格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格

第一人称 I me we us

第二人称 you you you you

第三人称 he him they them

she her they them

it it they them

例如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。

It\'s me. 是我。

二、 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人物和数的变化见下表。

数 单数 复数

人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称

形容词性物主代词 my your his/her/its our your their

名词性物主代词 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs

例如: I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。

Our school is here,and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。

三、 指示代词表示\"那个\"、\"这个\"、\"这些\"、\"那些\"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。

例如:That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。

四、 表示\"我自己\"、\"你自己\"、\"他自己\"、\"我们自己\"、\"你们自己\"和\"他们自己\"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为

\"反身代词\"。

例如:She was talking to herself.  她自言自语。

五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么大的区别。

例如:They love each other.他们彼此相爱。

六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every和no只能作定语。

例如:--- Do you have a car?  --你有一辆小汽车吗?

--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆。

--- I don\'t know any of them.  他们,我一个也不认识。

七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)

例如:Tell me who he is.  告诉我他是谁。

八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、

表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(先行词)。

例如:He is the man whom you have been looking for.  他就是你要找的那个人。

3.1 人称代词的用法

1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。例如:

John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。

说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中。例如:

When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语。

例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语)

a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?

b. -- Me. --我。(me做主语补语= It\'s me.)

说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

3.2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1) 宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。

---- I like English.  --我喜欢英语。

---- Me too. --我也喜欢。

---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?

---- Not me. --我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.

He is taller than I am.

2) 主格代替宾格

a. 在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。

b. 在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。

---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。

注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)

I thought it to be her.  (宾格----宾格)

I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)

They took me to be her.  他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

3.3 代词的指代问题

1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替。

例如: Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来,是吗?

2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。

例如: Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。

3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用she。

3.4 并列人称代词的排列顺序

1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称-> 第三人称 -> 第一人称,即you-> he/she; it -> I。

例如:You, he and I should return on time.

2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称,即we ->you->they。

注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误,承担责任时,

It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,

如:I and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。

d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

3.5 物主代词

1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。例如:

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--\'s属格结构。例如:

Jack\'s cap  意为The cap is Jack\'s。

His cap 意为The cap is his。

2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能

a. 作主语。例如:

May I use your pen? Yours works better. 我可以用一用你的钢笔吗?你的比我的好用。

b. 作宾语。例如:

I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深爱我的祖国就像你深爱你的祖国一样。

c. 作介词宾语。例如:

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的去解释。

d. 作主语补语。例如:

The life I have is yours. It\'s yours. It\'s yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。

3.6 双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。例如:a friend of mine, each brother of his.

3.7 .反身代词

1) 1) 列表

数 单数 复数

人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称代词 I you he/she/it we you they

反身代词 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves

另外:one的反身代词为oneself

2)做宾语

a. 有些动词需有反身代词,如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等。例如:

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。

please help yourself to some fish.  请你随便吃点鱼。

b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词,如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等。例如:

I could not dress(myself)up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。例如:

please sit down. 请坐。

3) 用作表语,如结构be oneself。例如:

I am not myself today.  我今天不舒服。

4) 用作同位语

The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。

5) 在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如:No one but myself(me)is hurt.

注意:

a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错) Myself drove the car.

(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。

b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。例如:

Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。

3.8 相互代词

1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。例如:

It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2)相互代词的句法功能:

a. 作动词宾语;

people should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。

b. 可作介词宾语;

Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.  吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多。例如:

He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c. 相互代词可加-\'s构成所有格。例如:

The students borrowed each other\'s notes. 学生们互借笔记。

3.9 指示代词

1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词。例如:

单数 复数

限定词 This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.

代词 This is Mary. Those are my teachers.

2) 指示代词的句法功能;

a. 作主语。例如:

This is the way to do it.  这事儿就该这样做。

b. 作宾语。例如:

I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚至那个。

c. 作主语补语。例如:

My point is this.  我的观点就是如此。

d. 作介词宾语。例如:

I don\'t say no to that.  我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that.  那并不可怕。

说明1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。例如:

(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)

(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

(错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)

(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

说明2:That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(错) He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)

(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

3.10 疑问代词

1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:

指人: who, whom, whose

指物: what

既可指人又可指物: which

2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较:

疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk?   桌上的书是谁的?

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?

限定词:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?

哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?

说明1:无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内。例如:

Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘?

What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?

说明2:Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如:

Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)

Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)

To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who取代。)

说明3: 疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句末。例如:

For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)

What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(现代英语)

说明4: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句。例如:

I can\'t make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?  你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。

3.11. 关系代词

1) 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。例如:

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。

该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。

2) 关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表:

指人 指物 指人或指物

主 格 who which that

宾 格 whom that that

属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

例如:This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那枝折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)

说明:非限定性定语从句中,不能用that作关系代词。

3) 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子。例如:

He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。

说明: 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。另外,关系代词that在从句中作表语时也可省略,例如:

I\'ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.  我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。

He\'s changed. He\'s not the man he was. 他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。

3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor

1)不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

2)不定代词的功能与用法

a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。例如:

I have no idea about it. 我不知该咋办。

b. all 都,指三者以上。all 的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。例如:

All goes well.  一切进展得很好。

all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说 all the book,而说 the whole book。

但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all day,all night, all the year;但习惯上不说 all hour,all century。

all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all China,all the city,all my life,all the way

3)both 都,指两者。

a. both 与复数动词连用,但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。

b. both, all 都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前, be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。例如:

Who can speak Japanese? 谁能讲日本话?

We both(all)can. 我们都不会。

4)neither 两者都不

a. neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

b. 作定语与单数名词连用,但neither… nor 用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。

c. 可用于下列句型,避免重复。例如:

She can\'t sing,neither(can)he. 她不会唱歌,他也不会。

5)neither 与nor 的比较

a. 如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用 nor。例如:

If you don\'t do it,neither should I. 如果你不干,我也不干。

b. 如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。例如:

He can\'t sing,nor dance,nor skate. 他不会唱歌,不会跳舞,也不会滑冰。

3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones

一、 none 无

1) none作主语,多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中,none可单独使用。例如:

Are there any pictures on the wall? 墙上有画吗?

None. 没。

2) none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。例如:

It is none of your business. 闲事莫管。

二、few 一些,少数

few 作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。

三、some 一些

1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

2) 当做\"某一\"解时,也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain)

You will be sorry for this some day. 总有一天,你会为此后悔的。

A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 有些人不同意你的看法。

注意:(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。

(2)some用于其他句式中:

a.肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。

Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议。例如:

Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗?

b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时。例如:

If you need some help,let me know. 需要帮助,跟我说。

c.some位于主语部分。例如:

Some students haven\'t been there before. 有些学生没去过那儿。

d.当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。例如:

I haven\'t heard from some of my old friends these years. 这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。

四、any 一些

1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。

当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。

Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说,你可任读一本。

五、one, 复数形式为ones

ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some, any,而不用ones。例如:

Have you bought any rulers? 买尺了吗?

Yes, I \'ve bought some. 买了,买了几把。

3.14 one,that 和it

one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个。例如:

I can\'t find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can\'t find my hat. I don\' t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

3.15 one/another/the other

one… the other 只有两个

some… the others  有三个以上

one… another,another…

some… others,others…

others = other people/things

the others = the rest 剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一个用another。

2) 一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other。

3) 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one (another),第三个可用the other,a third。

4) 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others。

3.16 “the”的妙用

He is one of the students who help me.

He is the one of the students who helps me. 他是帮我的学生之一。

第一句定语从句与the students 一致。

第二句定语从句与the one 一致。

3.17 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each

1.anyone 和 any one

anyone仅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。

2.no one 和none

a) none 后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one只单独使用,只指人。

b) none 作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。例如:

None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?

---- No one.  --没有。

3.every 和each

1) every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。例如:

Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。

2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。

3) every 只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。例如:

Every boy has to take one. 每个男孩必须取一个。

Each boy has to take one.

Each of the boys has to take one.

4) every不可以作状语,each可作状语。

5) every 有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有。

6) every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定。例如:

Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。

Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。

3.18 both, either, neither, all, any, none

这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后,行为动词之前或第一个助动词之后。

1) both (两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。例如:

Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。

2) both,either

both与复数连用,either与单数连用。例如:

Both the boys are clever.  两个男孩都很聪明。

Either of the two boys is clever.

There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路边长满了野花。

There are flowers on either side of the street.

3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一个), none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。例如:

All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。

I don\'t like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

注意:all与none用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。例如:

All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。

All (of) the milk is there.  所有的牛奶都在那。

3.19 many, much

Many,much都意为\"许多\", many + 可数名词,much + 不可数名词。例如:

How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了会议。

How much time has we left? 还剩多少时间?

Many of the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在开会。

Much of the time was spent on learning.学习上化了许多时间。

3.20 few, little, a few, a little

(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词

a few / a little 为肯定含义,还有一点

few / little 为否定含义,没有多少了。例如:

He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。

He has few friends.  他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。

There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。

固定搭配:only a few (=few)  not a few (=many)  quite a few (=many) many a (=many)。例如:

Many books were sold.

Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书。

典型例题:

Although he \'s wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.

A. little  B. few C. a little  D. a few

答案: A. spend所指的是钱,不可数,只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句,由句意知后句为否定含义,因此应用little表示几乎不。

高三英语语法复习教案:特殊词


高三英语语法复习教案:特殊词复习教案

8.1 stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事,stop doing 停止做某事。例如:

They stop to smoke a cigarette.  他们停下来,抽了根烟。

I must stop smoking.  我必须戒烟了。

典型例题

She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.

A. to have rested B. resting  C. to rest D. rest

答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择\"stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事\"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stop doing sth.不正确。

8.2 forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘记要去做某事,forget doing 忘记做过某事。例如:

The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)

He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)

典型例题

---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh,I forgot___.

A. turning it off  B. turn it off  C. to turn it off  D. having turned it off

答案:C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了,而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

8.3 remember doing/to do

remember to do 记得去做某事,remember doing 记得做过某事。例如:

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don\'t you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8.4 regret doing/to do

regret to do 对将要做的事遗憾,regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如:

I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。

I don\'t regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。

典型例题

---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

---Well, now I regret ___ that.

A. to do  B. to be doing  C. to have done  D. having done

答案:D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。

8.5 cease doing/to do

cease to do 长时间,甚至永远停做某事,cease doing  短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。例如:

That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个系已不复存在。

The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。

8.6 try doing/to do

try to do 努力,企图做某事,try doing 试验,试着做某事。例如:

You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。

I tried gardening but didn\'t succeed. 我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。

8.7 go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事,go on doing 继续做原来做的事。例如:

After he had finished his maths,he went on to do his physics. 做完数学后,他接着去做物理。

Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习

8.8 be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为\"怕\",be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的,意为\"生怕,恐怕\"。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着,不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。

8.9 be interested doing/to do

interested to do 对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事,interested in doing  对某种想法感兴趣,doing 通常为想法。例如:

I shall be interested to know what happens. 我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)

I\'m interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)

8.10 mean to doing/to do

mean to do  打算、想,mean doing 意味着。例如:

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着增加购买力。

8.11 begin(start) doing/to do

begin / start to do sth /begin / start doing sth.

1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing。例如:

How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴?

2)begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do。例如:

I was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。

3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do。例如:

I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。

4)事物作主语时。例如:

The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了

8.12 感官动词 + doing/to do

感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性,+doing 表示动作的进行性。例如:

I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调\"我看见了\"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调\"我见他正干活\"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

典型例题

1)They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.

A. grow  B. grew  C. was growing  D. to grow

答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用see sb do sth 的句型。

2)The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.

A. playing  B. to be playingC. playD. to play

答案A. 本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用see sb. doing sth句型。

高中高三英语专题复习教案:基础写作


教学目标:学生进一步熟悉基础写作的特征和基本要求,培养正确的写作思路及方法,掌握常用的写作模式和句型。消除对写作的恐惧心理,培养写作兴趣。

教学重点:如何审题;如何进行信息整合;上下文的承接。

教学难点:写作思路及方法的培养

教学方法:讲练结合,精讲多练,引导学生体会与模仿。

一、 基础写作题的特点

高考设置基础写作题的目的是要检测考生最基础的书面语言表达能力,如用词的合理性、句子结构的复杂度、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。因此,基础写作题与往年的书面表达依然会有很多相似点,但也会出现一些新的特点。

1.写作题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来高考作文题的题材都非常贴近考生的学习和生活,如校园活动、校外见闻、交友、旅游、以及与考生有关的话题讨论等。可以预料明年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围内,并为所有考生所熟悉。

2.写作的题材主要是故事性描述和应用文。历年的基础写作题的题材也会与往年书面表达相似,主要有故事性描写和应用文写作两大类。命题形式可能是看图写故事、看图表说明、根据表格信息完成一封短信或一份通知这类的应用文等。

3.内容呈现的方式具有半封闭性。作文试题逐步走向开放将是大势所趋。但是,基础写作题还只能是半封闭的,其特点是写作的内容是被规定了的,考生必须将文章所规定的信息点完整、全面地表达出来,但对于语言表达的方式、信息组织的先后秩序、需要补充哪些必要的信息等,考试又有一定的自主构思空间。

4.用5句话表达。这是基础写作题与往年书面表达题最显著的不同点。往年是规定字数(100词左右),句子的数量不作规定,所以很多考生为了不犯句法错误总是使用一些简单句。而历年的基础写作只能用5句话来表达题目所给的全部信息点,但所给的信息点与往年的书面表达相比并不会减少,所以,用5个简单句很难完成任务,必须使用复合句或并列句来综合多个信息点,而且还要照顾句子之间的衔接和语意上的连贯。从只一点来说,基础写作题对考试运用语言能力的要求大大提高了。

二、基础写作题提出的新要求

1.信息组织能力。信息组织能力包括信息归类、信息排列和信息表达三个环节。对于题目所提供的各种信息点,考生首先需要依照一定的标准将信息进行归类,并初步计划将哪些信息放到同一个句子中;其次是将信息进行合理的排列,排列必须依照一定的标准,如时间顺序、空间顺序、因果关系、递进关系等;第三是选择表达的秩序,确定句子之间的先后顺序,这既要考虑语句上能否衔接,还要考虑语意上的连贯。在组织信息的过程中,还要对某些信息进行必要的增删,使文章意思连贯、语言畅谈、逻辑严密。

2.运用复杂句子的能力。在整理和归类信息点之后,就需要正确地使用比较复杂的句子,综合的表达信息。复杂句子主要有三类:

第一类是复合句或含有非谓语动词、介词短语的复杂句。复合句主要有三类:含有名词性从句的复合句,含有状语从句的复合句,含有定语从句的复合句。

第二类是并列句或带有并列成分的复杂句。连接并列句或并列成分的并列连词主要有四类:表示意义引申的并列连词,如and,both… and,not only…but also,and… as well,not… nor,neither… nor等;表示选择的并列连词,如or,whether… or,either… or等;表示转折或对比的并列连词,如but,while,whereas,only等;表示因果关系的for。此外,therefore,besides,however,nevertheless,moreover,furthermore,what’s more,in addition,on the contrary,after all等连接性状语也可以在句子之间起连接作用,表示分句之间的并列关系。

第三类是一些特殊句型,如使用强调句、倒装句、含有with复合结构的句子、there be开头的句子、以形式主语it 开头的句子等。

正确使用各种句型,不仅能够完成题目所要求的任务,还能使文章的句式变得丰富、行文更加流畅、中心和主旨更加突出。

三、基础写作题的备考策略

在基础写作的备考过程中,一方面要重视养成一些良好的写作习惯,如认真审题、巧妙构思、常写草稿、工整书写、仔细核对等好习惯,另一方面在组织信息和训练复杂句子结构方面要多下工夫。下面以“广东省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试广东省英语科考试说明”中的样题为例,探讨如何备考基础写作题。

第一节:基础写作(共1小题,满分15分)

假设你最近参加了由某电视台举办的中考生英语演讲比赛并获奖,该台准备组织获奖者去北京参加一次英语夏令营活动,下表是这次活动的时间安排和活动内容。

【写作内容】

电视台就活动时间和活动内容征求你的意见。请按照以下要求用英语以书信形式给予答复。

1.选择适合你的时间并说明理由;

2.解释你只能参加其中的两项活动(听英语讲座和教外宾学中文),虽然你认为所以的活动都很有意义;

3.说明你选择的理由:听英语讲座了解英美文化的信息;教外宾学中文因为2008北京奥运会让越来越多的外宾想了解中国。

【写作要求】

1.必须使用5个句子表达全部内容

2.信的开头和结尾已给出。

3.夯实基础,掌握基本的句子结构及其用法。对于大多数考生来说,用词不准和句子结构错误是写作失分的“罪魁祸首”。夯实基础、掌握基本的句子结构及其用法是基础写作备考的主要任务,完成这项任务可以分步骤进行:

教学内容与过程:

Step one: Greetings and dictation

Step two: 讲练结合,并就学生作文较常出现的错误进行点评,讲评过程注意把握好学生作文中的常见的非智力因素方面的失分。

Step three: 就学生作文中出现的常见错误进行适当的点评。

Dear Sir or Madam,

I’m glad to be invited to the English summer camp. ① Thank you very much for arranging so many activities, such as English corner, English lectures, English films, English songs, English plays and helping foreigners learn Chinese. ② I am sure all the activities will do a lot of good to us students. ③ But it is a pity that I can only take part in two of them, because I will have to spend some time in doing my research project. ④ I would like to listen to the lectures, by which I will learn some about western culture, and help foreigners learn Chinese, as more and more foreigners want to know about China and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

⑤ I want to see my grandparents in the country right after our school finishes in mid-July, so I am going to attend the camp from August 15th to 22nd.

Thank you very much.

Yours truly,Li ping

第一步:练习写简单句,练就写简单句基本不犯语言错误的“真功”。考生必须熟练掌握英语的五种基本句型,尤其是:“主语+谓语+(其它成分)”;“主语+系动词+表语”。

附五种基本句型:

1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语,可用于这种句型的连系动词分成两类:表示变化的:turn,become,get,go,stay,remain等;表示状态的:be,seem,look,feel,taste,smell等。

2.主语 + 不及物动词,注意:不及物的短语动词也可用于这个句型,如 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 另这种句型中常有状语,且不用于被动语态。

3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语,及物的短语动词也可用于这种句型。但如果短语由“动词 + 副词”构成,作宾语的代词只能置于其中,作宾语的名词则既可置于其中也可置于其后;如果短语动词由“动词 + 介词”构成,无论是代词还是名词作宾语,一律置于其后,如:他考虑了(它)这个计划一夜。

He thought it / the plan over all the night.

He thought over the plan all the night.

He thought about it / the plan all the night.

4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,一些间接宾语可改成一个由to引起的短语,表示动作是“向谁”做的;一些间接宾语可改成一个由for引起的短语表动作是“为谁”做的。

如:我给他一些钱。/ 他给我买了一本书。

I gave him some money. / I gave some money to him.

He bought me a book. / He bought a+ book for me.

5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补,必须注意有多种形式都可以作为宾补的成分,如:n,adj,to do,省略to的不定式,介词短语等。

如表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾补时,不用冠词:我们选他当班长。 We made him monitor.

第二步:练习运用复杂句。要提高运用复杂句的能力,考生必须要攻克三个易错点:一是主句与从句之间主谓结构混乱,造成主句缺谓语;二是没有掌握关联词的用法,错用、多用、漏用关联词;三是该使用简单句的地方人为地复杂化,如可以用分词或介词短语来表达的,却偏要用从句。

此外,简单句用得太多,会造成文章读起来乏味。在评卷员看来,同样意思的内容,能够运用比较复杂的句式结构来表达,当然会认为其运用语言的能力要比只会用简单句来表达要强,评分自然就高。

1.巧用非谓语动词。运用非谓语动词,可以使文句看起来更简洁,使语言更加丰富多彩,重点更加突出,增加文采。如:I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. (2004年广东卷)

2.巧用with复合结构。“with+名词/ 代词+现在分词/ 过去分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词”结构,常作伴随状语以增加被描绘内容的生动性和情感性,使文章读起来更简洁明了。试以下两个句子:

I couldn’t go on studying because there was so much noise troubling me. (普通)

I couldn’t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. (高级)2004年广东卷

3.巧用复合句。高考评分标准强调使用语法结构的数量和复杂性,鼓励考生尽量使用教复杂的结构,并且对由此产生的错误采取了宽容的态度。如果恰当运用各类从句,就会使文章出彩。如2006年广东卷:What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. (定语从句)

4.巧用倒装句、感叹句、强调句、虚拟语气句等。使用这些句式可使文章化平淡为生动,加强语气,使评卷老师感受作者的强烈情感。如以下几个句子:

(倒装句)Only in this way can Internet Bars be well used by people.

(感叹句)I thought, “How hard mum is working! She must be very tired.”

5.巧用排山倒海句式。如能运用一个个排比句、对偶句、不定式或短语,可令文章增色不少,给评卷员眼前一亮的感觉。如:The purpose of the program are to make our school more beautiful, to make the air cleaner and fresher, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in.

第三步:结构要清晰而流畅,巧用过渡词。众所周知,语言的层次不是传统语法所说的句子,而是语篇。语篇指的是一系列连接的语段或句子构成的语言整体。一篇好的文章不但句子正确,要点齐全,更重要的是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分。因此,恰当使用好连接性的词语和句子,是使作文获得高分的一个重要因素。

附高中英语书面表达常用的过渡词语和表达方式:

1.文章及段落起始的过渡词语:to begin with; generally speaking; first of all; in the first place; in general; generally; in my opinion;

2.文章及段落结尾常用的过渡词语:therefore, thus; in conclusion; in brief; to sum up; in a word (注意:要避免在这些短语之前用“so”)

3.常见的表示先后次序的过渡词语:first; second; next; eventually; since then; afterward; meanwhile; therefore; immediately

4.常见的表示因果关系的过渡词语:accordingly; for this reason; as a result; in this way; consequently; so; due to; therefore; because of; thus

5.常用于比较和对比的过渡词语:in contrast with; similarly; on the contrary; different from; likewise; equally important; on one hand, on the other hand

6.常用于表示举例的过渡词语:a case in point; for example; that is; for instance

7.有关描写图表的过渡词语:during this time/ period; apart from; compared with; from the above table/ chart/ graph; on average; below/ above the average; increase/ reduce/ decrease by

8.常用表示强调的过度词语:furthermore; moreover; besides; in fact; indeed; in particular; what’s more; in addition;

高三物理复习弹力教案


一、设计思想

高一新生正处于从初中物理向高中物理跨越阶段的特点,本节教材在文字叙述上非常简洁并配有大量的插图。内容直观、感性,较易为学生接受,加上学生们在初中时对弹力已有了一定的感性认识与理论基础,若只是照本宣科,教学会很空泛。教师觉得“没戏可唱”,学生则有“炒冷饭”之感。因此将弹力这节课设计成了探究性学习课,采用了“参与──体验──内化──外延”的物理课堂教学模式,由教师创设情景,让学生自己提出想要知道的问题,在教师的引导下,通过全班同学的讨论,自评和互评来不断完善。教师在教学中通过具体的实例、实验,激发学生的求知欲望,让学生主动参与到探究的过程,成为学习的主体,积极主动地获取知识和能力

本教学设计特别强调了对实验的挖掘。通过引入新课时设计的实验,培养学生的问题意识和激发学生的学习兴趣。通过教学中的若干个演示实验的设计,特别是精心设计了研究桌面的微小形变实验,使学生感悟科学的探究方法和强化创新的意识。学生在互动和探索的过程中,培养学生的合作精神、获得探究的成功体验,使原本平淡的课堂教学变得充实、饱满、有声有色。

二、教材分析

《弹力》是高中物理新课程(必修1)第三章第二节的内容,是力学的核心内容之一,在整个高中物理中占有相当重要的地位,是以后正确进行受力分析的基础。其重点是弹力产生的原因及弹力的方向,难点是常见的弹力方向的确定。教材从物体的明显形变引入,继而通过放大的思想演示“微小形变”的过程中,用实例引出了形变、弹性形变和弹力的概念。并通过研究形变来探究弹力产生的原因、弹力的方向和作用点,探究支持力、压力和绳子的拉力这几种弹力产生的原因和方向。对于胡克定律的教学,要先让学生亲身经历体验,然后引导学生设计实验“探索弹力的大小与形变量大小之间的关系”,这种先从感性认识出发,上升到理性认识,再通过实验检验并进行具体运用的研究办法十分重要,在教学过程中应注意渗透。

三、学情分析

通过前面的对“重力及相互作用”的学习,学生已经对力的三要素及作用效果等有了一定的了解。而且在初中阶段的学习过程中,也对弹力有了初步感性的认识和一定的理念基础。在高中教学中要进一步帮助学生深化对弹力的理解。弹力产生的原因及其方向的判定,是学生普遍感到难以把握的问题。为此,在这节课的教学中要精心设计实验,通过形象直观的实验教学帮助学生突破难点,并让学生在亲历探究的过程中,体验到探究未知世界的乐趣,领悟科学探究的真谛。

四、教学目标

(一)知识与技能

1.知道形变和弹性形变,能识别常见的形变。知道任何物体都会发生形变。

2.知道弹力及弹力产生的条件,会判断弹力的有无及弹力的方向。

3.知道胡克定律的表达式,了解劲度系数的单位、符号及物理意义,并能运用胡克定律解决有关问题

4.知道胡克定律的图象的意义,掌握利用图象法计算劲度系数的方法。

(二)过程与方法

1.培养学生根据弹力产生的条件分析弹力方向的能力。

2.通过分组“探究弹簧的弹力与形变量之间的关系”的实验,培养学生自己动手设计实验和操作实验的能力,提高学生自主、探究和合作学习的能力。

3.知道实验数据处理中常用的方法,尝试使用图象法进行处理数据。

(三)情感态度与价值观

1.真实准确地记录实验数据,体会科学的精神和态度在科学探究过程中的重要作用。在用简单器材显示微小形变的过程中,体会放大法的实验思想,感受学习物理的乐趣。

2.通过学习弹力在生产和生活中的应用,发展将知识服务于人类的愿望。

3.从任何物体都能发生形变入手,培养学生用实事求是的科学态度去认识事物本来面目,不被表面现象所迷惑的科学观。

五、重点难点

(一)教学重点

1.弹力有无的判断和弹力方向的判断。

2.自主设计实验探索弹簧的弹力与伸长量的关系及实验操作。

(二)教学难点

弹力有无的判断及弹力方向的判断。

六、教学策略与手段

本课以探究式教学模式为主,结合问题法、演示法、启发法、归纳法、多媒体辅助法等教学方法。

(1)本节课流程设计:实验引入(产生疑问)→设计实验→学生探究→分析归纳→得出结论(解决问题)→拓展应用(产生新疑问)。

(2)对探究实验设计好实验的内容、步骤和表格,便于学生的探究。

(3)教学中通过设计演示实验,多媒体课件动画演示创设物理情景,把复杂抽象的问题形象化,以便于学生的思考分析。

七、教学准备

细钢丝、钢锯条、弹簧、海绵、橡皮泥、白纸,通过橡皮塞插有细玻璃管的椭圆形玻璃瓶、激光光源、平面镜及支架(两套)、小车、橡皮筋、气球、、纤维板、演示胡克定律用的米尺、弹簧、钩码、力传感器等等。

八、教学过程(略)

感谢您拜读范文资讯网教案频道的“高三英语复习教案:Making the news”一文,希望“高三英语复习教案:Making the news”能解决您的教案需求,同时,Fwr816.com还为您精选准备的高三英语专题教案专题!

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